ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the causes and features of medical disputes in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the cardiology and to provide references for forensic expert testimony and medical disputes prevention.@*METHODS@#Fifty one disputed fatal cases in PCI were analyzed in terms of the cause of death, informed consent and medical operations retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Thirty five cases were due to medical negligence, 28 due to defect technical operation, 2 due to mistake medical management and 5 due to both defect technical operation and mistake medical management.@*CONCLUSION@#The causes of PCI medical negligence are defect medical operation, violate medical disciplines and insufficiency of informed consent.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Cause of Death , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Expert Testimony , Malpractice , Medical Errors/statistics & numerical data , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the dose- and time-effects of astragaloside Ⅳ(XGA) on collagen of myocardial fibroblasts in rats.Methods The myocardial fibroblasts of rats were separated by collagenase and trypsinase digestive method,and the cell culture system was established. After XGA in different concentrations and at different time points was administered in fibroblast culture systems,the mRNA expression levels of collagen,matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-1,-2,-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1 and -2 were measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) test.Results After XGA administration with different doses and at different time points was adminstered,the gel electrophoresis product of RT-PCR in fibroblast culture system expressed the mRNA of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,MMP-1,-2,-9,TIMP-1 and -2;but the mRNA expression levels of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,TIMP-1 and -2 decreased and the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1,-2,and -9 increased compared to those before XGA administration;the mRNA expression of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,MMP-1,-2,-9,TIMP-1 and -2 decreased or increased gradually with the increase of doses and the prolonged time of XGA use.The mRNA expression levels of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,TIMP-1 and -2 were negatively related to the doses and action times of XGA(r=-0.927 to -0.637 P= 0 to 0.024);and the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1,-2 and -9 were positively related to the doses and action times of XGA(r=0.672 to 0.962 P=0 to 0.034).Conclusion XGA can markedly reduce the collagen formation of myocardial fibroblasts in rats,and its mechanisms are related to the inhibiting of collagen synthesis and the increase of collagen degradation.